Card, mobile credential, payment and security
The modern campus card office is more than just a location to issue student credentials. Increasingly, the card office is becoming a hub for the full range of student-facing services.
Following this trend is Kennesaw State’s Auxiliary Services, which recently changed its name to Campus Services and will open new customer service centers on both its Kennesaw and Marietta campuses in time for fall 2018.
As reported by student publication, The Sentinel, the new customer service center will be branded as the Talon One Center. Construction of the Kennesaw campus location began in March and is expected to open its doors to students by the start of next semester.
Kelley Wisniewski, assistant director of marketing at Kennesaw State, said the centers will serve students in a number of ways, including issuing Talon Cards (Kennesaw State's student ID card), managing student meal plans, providing parking and transportation options and answering any questions related to Campus Services and related departments.
The new service center at the flagship Kennesaw campus is centrally located in the university's Carmichael Student Center. The university's Marietta campus location will be similarly located in that campus' student center.
“The Talon One Center is intended to be a customer service hub,” said Kasey Helton, Campus Services’ Assistant Vice President , in a Sentinel interview. “We aim to increase our support for student success at KSU by giving them one integrated location to access all our services and products.”
Wisniewski says that decision to change the name of auxiliary services to Campus Services was a purposeful one, as it depicts a more accurate description of what the department provides to the campus community. She also hopes the new name will translate better to new and incoming students, parents and employees who are being welcomed to the campus.
Despite the branding changes happening around Campus Services, the department will still oversee the same programs it did before. These systems include campus postal services, card services, copy/print services, door access, KCash, parking and transportation, student health services, university dining, university stores, vending services, and housing and residence life.
The National University of Singapore laid out plans to make its campus entirely cashless, but following student backlash and petitioning university officials have now scaled back the cashless plans.
As reported by The Straits Times, university officials released an e-mail to students earlier this week suggesting that a positive response to a trial had prompted the university to go entirely cashless across all campus retail and dining outlets. That move was slated for completion beginning in August in time for the upcoming academic year.
NUS' cashless initiative represents a scaled down version of the vision posed by Singapore's government, which has been pushing for a completely cashless society for some time. The cashless overhaul would force all 51,000 students and staff to use only mobile apps, the stored-value EZ-Link card, and regional payments services group NETS to make payments.
But it seems that even in an increasingly cashless age there's still room for paper and coin, as student pushback and online petitions are calling for the university to continue to support cash payments. Both petitions, launched just this week, already have some 1,700 signatures in total.
The community feedback has seemingly stymied the cashless move for now, as university officials have decided on a more gradual, phased move to a cashless campus. This could potentially delay the initial cashless campus projection of next year, as the university will continue to consider feedback from students and other stakeholders.
It's estimated that some 60% of all transactions are cashless at the university, a figure that includes visiting members of the public. There are minor benefits to cashless payments on NUS' campus, as students paying with a NETS card can receive a 50-cent discount at campus canteens and foodcourts.
Despite the undeniable benefits and utility of cashless options, some remain concerned that going entirely cashless would unfairly exclude those with no bank account, no funds on their stored-value card, or those without a compatible mobile device.
Stony Brook University has joined the growing roster of campuses to deploy reusable takeout containers in campus dining halls. As with other deployments, the initiative at Stony Brook is expected to cut both food and disposable container waste.
According to a report from student publication, The Statesman, students can opt into the container program with a $5 deposit that will give students one of the boxes. From there, the program follows a familiar formula as students fill the takeout box with food from the dining hall and return the used container to one of the dining facilities to be cleaned to and pick up a new one. Students will also have the option to be refunded their initial $5 investment at the end of each semester.
Stony Brook dining services reports that since starting the program 187 students have leveraged the reusable containers across both participating dining facilities.
“On some days I’ll have ten students take out boxes and on others around two,” said Jerry Pastrana, director of West Side Dining at Stony Brook, in a Statesman interview. “They are very happy to be able to eliminate waste. Overall I feel it’s a great win for the students.”
The idea to implement the reusable containers was initially raised by Stony Brook's Environmental Club. The program is still in a pilot phase at two of the university's dining facilities, but students are coming around to the idea.
A Stony Brook employee who works the dining hall register between says some students have been hesitant to pay the $5 deposit, but that she still issues between two and four boxes during each shift.
Stony Brook is just the latest in a growing number of institutions to provide reusable takeout containers for students. For more on these types of programs, see our previous coverage on the topic.
By Karen Roberts, Director of Product Management at Apriva
In a continually expanding campus market, students, faculty and staff expect payment acceptance and a consistent customer experience across all points of interaction. With today’s omni-channel technologies, universities and their supporting communities can deliver this experience while monetizing their payment ecosystems for greater revenues.
Before advancements in technology yielded multi-purpose campus cards, colleges and universities often maintained separate door key systems, library copy cards, dining cards, and more. Campus cards today have evolved into more efficient, multi-function products with the ability to support identification, access and commerce all from a single account.
Classic student identification cards have grown from enabling library book checkout, to unlocking doors, and paying for goods and services such as dining hall, laundry and bookstore purchases, to serving as a debit card associated with a personal checking or prepaid account. As campuses continue to develop features for campus cards, students and merchants will expect a seamless, omni-channel experience both on- and off-campus.
Campus cards most often fit into one of two categories: closed-loop and bank-affiliated cards. Closed-loop cards operate as pre-paid debit cards, where deposited funds are held in underlying campus-based accounts. A closed-loop card can be designed to provide dining, vending, laundry and printing payments, as well as support debit transactions for designated off-campus locations like grocery stores, restaurants and even mobile apps.
When extended to the revenue opportunity for off-campus businesses — plus the additional revenue potential for the schools themselves — the campus card payment market becomes gigantic.
Bank affiliated campus cards are coordinated by universities with specific financial institutions to associate checking accounts with campus ID cards, enabling the card to function as a debit card against the checking account at that specific financial institution.
Atrium, Blackboard, CBORD, ITC Systems, TouchNet and others provide campus card transaction processing for closed-loop cards at more than 2,000 institutions of higher learning across the United States. With an average U.S. campus supporting 15,600 students that means more than 31-million users already exist in the campus card ecosystem. The average college student spends more than $15,000 annually for living expenses — projecting upwards of $465 billion in potential spending each year .
“The upside of accepting campus card payments for vendors, merchants, and food-service providers on campus is impressive,” says Scott Dowty, chief revenue officer at Apriva, a technology company providing an adaptive payment platform supporting campus cards. “But when extended to the revenue opportunity for off-campus businesses — plus the additional revenue potential for the schools themselves — the campus card payment market becomes gigantic.”
Merchants today need to connect with students across multiple channels and campus card processors to capitalize on this market opportunity. A true omni-channel strategy requires meeting students in store, online, with mobile, with self-service and vending, perhaps even with mail order/telephone order options.
Wherever students seek products and services during their college years, merchants must be ready to take payments across all channels, and accepting campus card payments can only expand sales opportunities.
“It is critical for the university to deliver a seamless and completely transparent experience to a variety of stakeholders,” says Christopher Yong, associate IT director at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. “This includes off-campus merchants that serve our students and staff.”
Integrating to a payment platform with campus cards enables both on-campus and off-campus businesses to expand into new markets for their products and services. Vending merchants have seen as much as a 25% increase in revenue when adding campus card transactions. On-campus parking transactions for most students range from $400-$2000 per year, and $200-$400 per month in food and grocery expenses.
It's critical for universities to deliver a seamless and completely transparent experience to a variety of stakeholders, including off-campus merchants that serve students and staff.
In addition to the on-campus opportunities, off-campus merchants, restaurants, vendors, independent software providers, and mobile app developers can quickly break into the campus market by accepting campus card payments. Ready examples of ride-share apps and meal delivery apps are often used by students for convenience and safety. Merchants able to accept campus cards can quickly gain market share in campus areas and can build loyal customers well into the future by first winning patronage during consumers’ college years.
The campus commerce ecosystem is complex and ever evolving. However, as campus cards continue to serve identification, access control, and payment functions, delivering a more robust ecosystem can benefit students, staff, local merchants, and educational institutions.
The more places students and staff can use their campus cards for payment — across storefront, mobile, self-service and online channels — the more the university has enhanced their customer experiences. For merchants expanding their payment options to include campus cards, the sales growth and new revenue opportunities are significant. And for educational institutions that generate income from the distribution and use of campus cards in commerce, the opportunities for increased revenue also climbs as campus card adoption and use grows.
With technologies and payment expertise to unite customer experiences with omni-channel commerce, the campus market presents a unique opportunity for payments: Equally supporting consumers, merchants, and the institutions bring them together.
Marshall University students will soon be able to enter campus dining halls with their fingerprint, adding an alternative to the student ID card.
As reported by the Marshall Parthenon, two campus dining facilities will be included in the biometric access system for now and students are currently engaging in the fingerprint enrollment process. The implementation of fingerprint biometrics marks the first foray into large scale biometric access at the university. Bob Dorado, Marshall's campus card manager, stresses the system will not replace existing student ID card access, but rather offer another option for dining hall entry.
“It works exactly like if you were presenting your meal card or ID card. It’s just using your fingerprint. It works through the same card system," Dorado said in a Parthenon interview. "It deducts your meals, it checks your balances, it’s just another option in place of the card.”
Dorado also stresses that the new biometric system doesn't register or keep images of students’ fingerprints, but rather follows industry best practices by encrypting that data to effectively safeguard student information. Biometric access to dining facilities isn't a new phenomenon, but Marshall did take cues from fellow higher education institutions when making the decision to deploy biometrics.
"It’s something we’ve looked at for a long time, we’re always concerned about the security and the price, and all those things have evolved to where it’s an affordable solution and it’s very secure,” Dorado said.
The new biometric system is still in the testing phase at present, though Dorado says it is already working well. Should the system continue to impress, the university will continue its use next semester with further plans to expand use to other areas of campus.
“I think as long as things go well here the remainder of this semester, it’ll be back and maybe in some other places,” Dorado said. “I certainly hope we can; I think in time we will. This was just kind of a good place to test the technology and how it worked with our card system, and so far, it’s gone really well.”
One of the primary reasons that Dorado and the card office staff decided to implement biometrics was convenience. A hallmark of any biometric access system, fingerprint access doesn't require anything but the user themselves to gain entry. Students routinely lose or forget their student ID card, so this system will offer some added flexibility to those students that opt into the fingerprint access program.
Security was also considered in the decision making process. “Our main interest in it is obviously convenience, but on the same side, it can help with theft, because if somebody gives their meal card to another person to use or sneak in, that raises the food cost for everybody,” Dorado said. “The more secure we have our entry, especially to cafeterias where you don’t have a set amount of meals, the more that helps everybody. Less theft helps keep costs down.”
Fingerprint access is an entirely opt-in program, and interested students with meal plans can visit Marshall's campus card office to enroll. The enrollment process takes less than a minute and scans both the right and left index fingers.
Biometric identification solutions provider, FST Biometrics, has installed its In Motion Identification (IMID) system at England's Wellington College to provide secure access and an enhanced customer experience for students and members of the Wellington Health & Fitness Club.
Wellington College, established in 1859, is a classically-built campus and when it came time for a high-tech upgrade to its security infrastructure college officials opted for FST’s IMID Access solution for the system's accuracy, speed, and ease-of-use.
The biometrics system leverages a combination of visual identification technologies, including facial recognition and behavior analytics, and identifies known users from a distance and in-motion. This means students entering the fitness facility don't have to stop or even slow down as they pass through the access gate.
Users also don't need to interact with the sensors or cameras. Instead they simply glance in the general direction of the camera as they walk. To complete the identification process, the system can provide both audio and visual feedback to the user signifying a successful match.
“We required a system that provided touch-free in-motion identification for smooth member access to our fitness centre, while preventing access to those unauthorized,” explains Brian Cannon, Operations Bursar for Wellington College. “We value our tradition, but also are prepared to go cutting-edge for the sake of members’ time, health and safety, all of which are preserved through FST’s advanced biometric identification system.”
FST’s IMID Access will manage secure access for the fitness center’s 3,000 members, with access points deployed at the facility’s main entrance.
“We are proud that such a prominent institution has selected IMID to enhance the center’s security and operational efficiency, and to help staff provide more personalized service to members,” says Arie Melamed, Head of the Access Control Identification Solutions Division at FST Biometrics. “Our biometric solution is ideal for use in this setting. The centre is reserved for student use at specific hours, while paying members access the leisure facilities at other times. IMID is fully customizable to ensure the right people are granted access at appropriate times.”
FST’s IMID Access is deployed in health and wellness centers around the globe, and is also used in large corporations, healthcare facilities, institutions of higher education, in retail applications and others. To facilitate the deployment at Wellington College, the company turned to regional security installer, FTL Secure Solutions.
“Given our strong experience working with Wellington College for several years, we knew they expected an access control solution that would be both secure and elegant,” says, Andrew Wylie, FTL Secure Solutions, FST’s strategic partner in the UK. “FST’s IMID Access provides the convenience and simplicity of in-motion, visual identification while also offering the highest level of biometric-based reliability.”
By Michael Giusti, Contributing Editor
When officials at Sam Houston State University wanted to find a way to increase student engagement with on-campus programming, they turned to a new product from CBORD called GET Rewards. The offering seamlessly integrates a loyalty program into Sam Houston’s existing CBORD campus card system.
Through the GET Rewards program, students who use their campus card for food purchases or attend an event such as an educational seminar, swipe their campus card or use a barcode generated by the GET app to make a purchase or “check in." The system then rewards the student with loyalty points that can be accrued throughout the year and redeemed for prizes.
“Our goal is to use the rewards program to help increase engagement among the student body,” says Daniel Erickson, associate director of Bearkat OneCard Services at Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas.
While the program will begin through the Division of Student Affairs and Bearkat OneCard Services, Erickson is hopeful for widespread adoption across campus. “We could eventually use it for everything from athletic events to leadership workshops,” he says.
GET Rewards works in a similar way to systems used by retail and restaurant chains that offer loyalty programs to customers. From a university perspective, however, the program is integrated directly into the university’s existing GET platform, CBORD’s suite of cloud-based commerce systems. That makes deployment rapid and straightforward.
In addition to the rewards program, the GET suite allows students to order and pay using their mobile device and manage their campus card accounts. GET also offers a wide number of other features such as a list of locations that accept the campus card payments and photo upload for their ID badge.
Students and parents can also use the GET system to check balances and add funds to campus card accounts from anywhere in the world.
“The campus card is their one-stop shop to integrate all the features of the university,” says Rob Wakelee, GET Product Owner for CBORD. “And the GET platform helps extend that integration.”
Universities choose which modules of GET to deploy to fit their particular needs. Campuses already utilizing the system can implement GET Rewards at no additional cost.
The GET Rewards program takes the experience people are already used to with places like Starbucks, and it brings that to an on-campus setting.
“Our rewards program takes the experience people are already used to with places like Starbucks, where you get something back as a reward for some action, and it brings that to an on-campus setting,” Wakelee says.
The university can use the GET Rewards system to incentivize behavior it wants students to engage in more often, and it can be used to encourage behavioral changes as well.
The rewards program could drive students to new venues, it could encourage online ordering, or it could promote service usage during non-peak hours by offering double points, for example. Alternately, if a university wanted to use online ordering to quell long lines, they could offer incentives to students to use the app to order ahead and then skip the line when they go to pick it up.
“It’s all up to the institution to define their program, but it comes down to rewarding behavior they want to see,” Wakelee says.
Wakelee says rewards can be physical items such as lanyards or hats, or intangible items, such as discounts or free admission to sporting events or fitness classes.
Intangible rewards can be set to automatic redemption, meaning that once a student hits a certain points threshold, discounts or other rewards can be automatically applied to his or her account.
Erickson says one of the main selling points of GET Rewards for the university was the program’s flexibility.
“It can be customized at any time,” Erickson says. “It’s not centralized where one person has to control everything. We can make it so if one department wants to promote attendance, they can give specialty prizes for just their specific program.”
Administration of the rewards program is done through the back-end portal of the GET system, so anyone who can log in can also administer rewards.
Students are obviously drawn to the program because of the free giveaways. It’s also attractive to students because it is built into the system they are already using — it’s not an extra app to manage or keep track of.
But from the larger university perspective, the ability to drive engagement is key.
“Lots of research shows that student engagement leads to retention,” Erickson says. “If we can get students to want to be involved, they are more likely to stay at SHSU and more likely to graduate.”
Wakelee also points out that increasing traffic to campus venues translates into more direct revenue.
Research shows that student engagement leads to retention. If we can get students to want to be involved, they're more likely to stay at SHSU and more likely to graduate.
Sam Houston initially explored developing its own rewards system in house. “It’s definitely something that was considered, but the various layers and how to manage the platform from a technical perspective made it challenging,” Erickson says.
He says they decided to go with GET Rewards instead because they wanted something that could be implemented quickly and that could be easily integrated into all areas of campus that accept the campus ID card.
“Could it have been done in house? I’m sure it is possible,” Erickson says. “But with our current relationship with CBORD and other various campus dynamics, GET Rewards seemed to be the best course of action.”
Wakelee adds that a common trap campuses that try to go it alone fall into is that they end up with disparate systems that don’t easily integrate with each other.
“You get one system designed to drive engagement and another solution that fits for another department, and yet another for their point-of-sale systems,” he explains. “This ties it all together. It breaks down silos, and you have one program that works well and is integrated across the board.”
Erickson says that while Sam Houston’s initial efforts are geared toward campus engagement, in the future he would like to see the program being used across all campus departments.
“If we can get to half of the campus using it in the next few years, that would be a great goal,” Erickson said.
Sam Houston plans to promote the program during its first-year student orientations and formally roll out GET Rewards in the fall semester of 2018.
It comes as little surprise that students often damage their ID cards, so protecting them with convenient, cost effective ID card accessories can be a smart move. From simple wear-and-tear over time, to extreme instances like using the card as an ice scraper, it’s virtually guaranteed that students will do some kind of damage to their credential.
There are, however, ways to help preserve campus cards by using any of a number of accessories. Mark Degan, the director of Corporate Marketing at ColorID stresses the importance of these credential add-ons and how they can help protect the longevity of an ID.
ColorID sells a wide variety of card accessories to universities, as well as other verticals and there are notable trends according to Degan. He says the five most popular accessories include two unique lanyards, a card retainer, and a gripper. This top five list alone makes up 40% of all accessories the company sells.
Students tend to like card retainers and lanyards, but more importantly, the accessories can extend the life of the students’ ID cards.
An age-old headache for card offices across the country, students are still attempting to punch holes in their campus cards so they can attach them to a lanyard. At best, this practice damages and weakens the physical credential, but for more advanced – and expensive – credentials like smart cards, the impact could render the card totally unusable.
Punching a hole in an ID card and damaging the internal antenna array leaves students with no other option than to make a trip to their campus card office and buy a replacement card. Grippers are one accessory that can provide an alternative to the dreaded hole punch, as they latch onto the ID card and can be coupled with a lanyard.
Students are more inclined to use a lanyard because they are often visually customized to their liking.
Grippers are available for different card thicknesses and can be made from different materials, including plastic, metal, or silicon. They come in the form of a strap or a clamp, with clamps being slightly bulkier in contrast to the straps.
Lanyards are also popular with students for their ability to keep handy a variety of items, such as keys, ID cards, and fobs all at once. Students tend to prefer lanyards over other card-holding accessories such as badge reels, explains Degan. “They are more inclined to use a lanyard because they are often visually customized to their liking,” he says.
While standard, blank lanyards cost less, universities often opt to customize lanyards to reflect the institution’s colors. “A number of universities utilize licensing companies to make sure that their brand is successfully manufactured,” Degan says.
While lanyards are meant to be worn around the neck, students usually keep their lanyard within reach for ease of access, such as wrapping it around their wrist or putting it into their pocket. Lanyards customized with school colors and logos remain one of the most popular card accessories for students.
Retractors and badge reels are popular accessories in the healthcare vertical, as well as federal and state departments. Retractors slide onto a belt and offer wearers a quick way to retrieve their IDs – think a janitor’s keys.
These accessories have gained traction in the federal and healthcare industries because ID badges must be constantly visible. Despite the convenience of retractors, they don’t resonate quite as much with college students.
“It may be a generational issue where students are more inclined to use a lanyard attached to their card,” Degan says. “When it comes to higher education, campuses do purchase badge reels but students tend to prefer lanyards.”
A possible explanation for the lanyard’s popularity could be a combination of customization and accessibility. The functionality of lanyards, in particular, can offer better accessibility and customization than retractors.
But there is an option that offers the best of both worlds. One of ColorID’s more popular offerings is a lanyard with a built-in badge reel. This accessory offers both the accessibility of a lanyard and the convenience of a badge reel.
Sleeves – also known as badge holders – are another popular accessory for students. One of ColorID’s more popular items includes a plastic vertical badge holder, where students can easily slip their ID in and out of the holder.
When students need to quickly present their ID, the use of a card sleeve can remove the need for students to fumble with a wallet or purse.
“One downside of this is that sleeves sometimes require students to take the card out of the sleeve when they need to use it to open a door,” Degan explains. “However, when it comes to a badge holder or a card retainer, students don’t seem to care what they use to hold their card in as long as their card is housed in something secure.”
With ID accessories, it’s just as much about convenience as it is about durability. Having to remove a card will be an inconvenience for students with mag stripe credentials. For this reason, some sleeves feature ejectors that make it easier for the student to remove their ID card from the holder.
ID accessories are more than just gifts or novelty items for students; they're insurance for a vital component of a student’s life on campus.
Putting the card in a case attached to a student smartphone is also an option – it’s convenient for students to have everything in one place. Despite the fact that students are never far from their smartphone, one potential risk to this accessory is that in the event a student loses their device, they’ll also lose their student ID card.
To get students on board with these card-saving accessories, Degan recommends campuses put together a “welcome” bag of sorts during orientation that contain card accessories. “Not only does this provide students with the necessary tools to extend he life of their ID card, but it reiterates the importance of the credential while it’s fresh in students’ minds.”
“Campuses and students alike should consider putting the campus card in some sort of card holder so that it’s immediately protected,” Degan says. “Ultimately, it’s more than just a gift or novelty item for students; it’s insurance for the safety of a vital component of a student’s life on campus.”
The campus card has made significant strides over the years both in terms of aesthetics and in the technology that underpins the credential. However, the student ID card has almost always served the vital purpose of visual identification, and a recent story of a Minnesota woman and her lost wallet serves as a reminder of just how far the campus card has come.
As reported by the Star Tribune, Linda Rost thought she was the target of an online scam when she received a Facebook message from a woman claiming to have found her wallet. Rost's suspicion was understandable, as the wallet in question had been stolen some 50 years prior while she was still a student at the University of Minnesota.
But all suspicions were cast aside when the good samaritan provided a photograph of the wallet, and the key piece of evidence -- Rost's University of Minnesota student ID card.
Rost hadn't seen the lost wallet since it was stolen from under a cosmetics counter of a department store in February of 1969. She believes the thief may have ditched the wallet prior to fleeing the store, after which the wallet somehow landed in the building's duct work where it would rest for nearly fifty years.
In addition to reuniting Rost with some invaluable family photos that were also in the wallet, this story provides a rare look back at the earliest iterations of the student ID card.
Princeton University has made it easier for students to share a meal with each other thanks to a new electronic meal exchange program that encourages more interaction between members of the university’s various eating clubs.
According to Princeton's dining website, the Meal Exchange Program is designed to enable students with meal plans to dine with their friends at eating clubs without spending additional funds. The program is run jointly by the Inter-Club Council and Campus Dining, and includes club-to-dining hall exchanges as well as club-to-club exchanges.
The eating clubs at Princeton serve primarily as dining halls for upperclassmen. The clubs are not affiliated with the university and vaguely resemble fraternities and sororities, though eating clubs admit both male and female members and members do not live in the clubs.
As reported by student publication, The Daily Princetonian, the meal exchange program will enable students to eat at a wider variety of dining halls, and will eliminate previously used paper exchange slips.
To complete a meal exchange, a student must first invite a friend on the meal exchange website. A barcode will then be sent via email to be scanned at the dining hall register before entering the chosen dining facility.
Meal plan holders can host multiple students as long as none of the participants have already dined during that meal period at either a club or university dining hall. Both halves of the meal exchange must be completed within 30 days, with dinners being exchanged for dinners, lunches for lunches, and breakfasts for breakfasts.
The fully online exchange system offers a number of benefits over the old paper system. Notably, students no longer need to worry about losing a meal exchange card. Online exchanges also make it easier for eating clubs to properly track exchanges and accurately assess fines.
The exchange website allows students to invite friends to a meal anytime, and adds the flexibility of a full 30-day period to complete the exchange, as opposed to the previous policy that required exchanges to be completed within the calendar month.
The shift to the electronic exchange system will be finalized by the fall 2018 semester. The new system is expected to make the meal exchange process much smoother and encourage inter-club mingling.
